Why the Police (MTTD) Can Stop Your Vehicle

Many drivers in Ghana understand the obvious reasons the Motor Traffic and Transport Department of Police (MTTD) might stop a vehicle, such as speeding or running a red light. However, under the Road Traffic Act, 2004 (Act 683), the law provides broader grounds for traffic stops that often go unnoticed by the public. Knowing these legal reasons helps drivers understand their rights during a police officer stop while ensuring compliance with traffic laws in Ghana.

Legal Reasons Motor Traffic and Transport Department of Police (MTTD) Can Stop Your Vehicle in Ghana

Here are some lesser known but legally valid reasons the Police (MTTD) may stop your vehicle:

1. When the MTTD Suspects you of Road Unworthiness

The Police (MTTD) can stop vehicles that appear unroadworthy, such as those with:

Broken lights or indicators.
Worn-out tires or cracked windshields.
Excessive exhaust smoke.

Legal Backing: Section 7 of the Road Traffic Act, 2004 (Act 683) mandates that all vehicles must be roadworthy to ensure public safety.

2. Document Inspection

Police officers are authorized to check for:

A valid driver’s license.
Current roadworthy certificates.
Vehicle insurance and registration.

Legal Backing: Section 18 of Act 683 requires drivers to carry and present these documents when requested.

3. Overloading and Improper Loads

Vehicles carrying excessive or unsecured loads can endanger road users. The police can stop such vehicles to ensure compliance with load limits and proper securing of goods.

Legal Backing: Section 23 of Act 683 prohibits overloading and unsafe loading practices.

4. Illegal Vehicle Modifications

Unauthorized modifications, such as tinted windows, loud exhaust systems, or bull bars, can lead to a stop. Drivers must obtain proper authorization for any modifications.

Legal Backing: Section 20 of Act 683 emphasizes compliance with DVLA regulations on vehicle modifications.

5. Ensuring Traffic Compliance

Drivers may be stopped for failing to obey road signs or directions, including:

Running a red light.
Ignoring a stop sign.
Driving on the wrong side of the road.

Legal Backing: Section 19 of Act 683 requires drivers to adhere to traffic laws in Ghana and signals.

6. Suspicion of Impaired Driving

Erratic driving behavior may prompt the police to test for alcohol or drug impairment. Breathalyzer tests are commonly used for this purpose.

Legal Backing: Section 24 of Act 683 criminalizes driving under the influence.

7. Unlicensed Vehicles or Falsified Documents

If the Police (MTTD) suspect the use of fake or expired licenses, insurance stickers, or vehicle registrations, they can stop your vehicle for verification.

Legal Backing: Section 30 of Act 683 empowers law enforcement to investigate such cases.

8. Maintenance of Public Order

During emergencies or heightened security concerns, the Police (MTTD) may stop vehicles to enforce curfews, conduct security checks, or redirect traffic.

Legal Backing: Article 200(3) of the 1992 Constitution mandates the police to maintain public order and safety.

Negligible Road Offenses That Can Lead to Penalties

Many drivers overlook minor traffic violations that can still result in penalties, such as:

Not Signaling: Failing to use indicators when turning or changing lanes.
Dirty License Plates: Plates must remain visible and legible.
Improper Use of Hazard Lights: These should only be used during emergencies.
Ignoring Pedestrian Crossings: Drivers must stop for pedestrians at zebra crossings.
Driving with Headphones: This impairs a driver’s awareness of their surroundings.

Your Rights During a Traffic Stop

As a driver in Ghana, you have rights during police stops, including:

Right to Information: You may ask the officer to explain the reason for the stop.
Right to Respect: Officers must treat you with professionalism and dignity.
Right to Dispute: If you disagree with an accusation, you can contest it in court.

Your Responsibilities on the Road

To avoid penalties or disputes:

Ensure your vehicle is roadworthy.
Keep all necessary documents in your car.
Regularly check your vehicle’s compliance with traffic laws in Ghana.

Conclusion

Traffic laws are designed not just to avoid fines but to save lives. By understanding the legal reasons the police can stop your vehicle and your rights during such interactions, you can foster a smoother relationship with law enforcement. Stay informed, compliant, and always prioritize safety.